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FRUITS

Acid Lime

PKM 1 (1990)

Mango

PKM 1 (1981)

PKM 2 (1990)

Manilla Tamarind (Kodukkapuli)

PKM (MT)1 (2008)

Sapota

PKM 1 (1981)

PKM 2 (1992)

PKM.3 (1994)

PKM (Sa) 4 (2003)

PKM (Sa) 5 (2007)

VEGETABLES

Tomato PKM 1(1978)

Brinjal PKM 1(1984)

Annual Moringa PKM 1 (1989)

Annual Moringa PKM 2

Snake Gourd PKM 1 (1979)

Chillies PKM 1 (1990)

Ridge Gourd PKM 1 (1980)

Watermelon PKM1

ACID LIME

PKM 1 (1990)

It is a selection from Kadayam type of Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu. Tree is vigorous. This can be easily multiplied as seedlings and layers. Fruits can be harvested throughout the year. The fruits are big, each weighing 52g. Fruits have higher ascorbic acid content of 34.29mg per 100g of fruit juice and TSS of 8.0°brix. The juice content is 52.3% by weight. It is a high yielder. The average yield per tree/year is 934 fruits weighing 36.975 kg. The yield increase ranges from 24.5 to 98.5% over other selections. It is less susceptible to leaf miner and citrus butterfly

PKM 2 (1990)

It is a hybrid between Neelum and Mulgoa. It yields higher than Neelum and Mulgoa with other attributes like large size fruits (681.3 g compared to 286.0g in Neelum and 471.3 g in Mulgoa), high pulp content (67.5% compared to 64.4% in Neelum and 53.3% in Mulgoa), abundant juice, pleasant flavour, good keeping quality, very sweet taste, high total soluble solids/acid ratio (128.36 compared to 109.01 in Neelum and 64.29 in Mulgoa). The fruit comes to harvest during May (Mid season).

MANILLA TAMARIND (KODUKKAPULI)

PKM (MT)1 (2008)

It is a open pollinated seedling selection from Soolakkarai at Virudhunagar district. The best season is June - September and can tolerate sewage water stagnation and grows well in sandy, saline and alkaline soils. It is a regular bearer. The spirally twisted fruits with clear constrictions, pale yellow pods, and white attractive aril are found in clusters (2-3). The skin of fruits turns yellow at maturity and seeds turn black. It yields about 79 kg/tree/year which is 30.0% increase over local type. The highest yield obtained from this variety is 125 kg / tree / year (11.85 t/ha). It can be cultivated throughout Tamil Nadu especially in the rainfed tracts of Southern districts.

SAPOTA

PKM 1 (1981)

It is a clonal selection from Guthi. A mean yield of 3547 fruits (236kg) can be obtained per tree per year. The tree is dwarf and adaptable to Southern and Central districts. Fruits are of two shapes viz., round (rarely) and oval (maximum). The skin is very thin and the pulp has a buttery consistency. High average yielder with medium size fruits. Average fruit weight is 100g.

PKM 2 (1992)

PKM.2 (H-2/4) is a hybrid between Guthi and Kirtibarthi varieties. This hybrid is a high yielder recording a mean yield of 80kg of fruits/tree in during fifth year after planting. The yield increase is 42.76per cent over PKM.1 variety. The fruits are bigger in size (95g) as compared to PKM.1 (84.0g). They are oblong to oval shaped. The fruits are of good quality with higher TSS (26.3°brix), total sugar (14.25%), reducing sugar (9.46%) with high sugar/acid ratio.

PKM.3 (1994)

It is a hybrid between Guthi x Cricket Ball. The variety is adaptable to tropical plains of Tami Nadu and yields 14t/ha. The fruits bear in clusters with oval shaped large fruits. The vertical growth habit of tree allows high density planting. The fruits mature earlier than other varieties in this season thus fetching higher return. The variety is tolerant to leaf spot and leaf webber.

PKM (Sa) 4 (2003)

It is a open pollinated clone of PKM 1. It is a high yielder with compact canopy and cluster bearing character. It bears spindle shaped fruits suitable for dry flakes production. The fruit contains attractive pulp with light pinkish honey brown colour which are crisp with sweet with TSS of 24 -25º Brix. The fruits are also found to be less seeded (2-3 seeds only). The best season for planting is June - July and October - November. It yields about 20.8 tonnes / hectare (100.4 kg/tree/year) which is 138.29 per cent increase over PKM 1. it is suitable for varied soil types of tropical conditions.

PKM (Sa) 5 (2007)

It is a selection from open pollinated seedlings maintained in a private orchard at Virudhunagar. Leaves are waxy, narrow, small, upright and arranged in whorl form in cluster and rich in proline content, relative water content, epicuticular wax and chlorophyll stability index. High yielder, High Total Soluble Solids (25.50 brix) and suitable for preparation of dry flakes, milk shake powder and mixed fruit jam. Suitable for vertisols, water stagnated and drought areas. Oval shaped attractive fruits with smooth, light brown skin which facilitates a good market appeal. Flesh is crisp and retains coppery brown colour while other sapota varieties turn dark brown after ripening. Since the fruits are heavier with coloured flesh than other varieties, it is highly suitable for making flakes, powder and mixed fruit jam. It shows field tolerance to leaf spot and leaf webber incidences. This can be best planted during June - October. This is having a yield potential of 18.70 t/ha which is 19.06 % yield increase over (PKM 1) and 17.97 % (PKM 4). This is well adapted to the vertisol soils of Southern Tamil Nadu and water stagnated and drought prone areas.

TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPED

High density planting in mango

Details of Technology

Mango trees are normally planted by farmers at a spacing of 10 x 10 m accommodating 100 trees per hectare. Under this system, due to less number of trees the productivity per unit area is low. In the normal spacing the tree canopy takes 8 years to cover the area. Hence high density planting system is suggested for higher productivity efficient utilization of land and other natural resources. The result of 14 years research in mango is presented below.
Double hedge row system (10x5x5 cm) can accommodate 222 plants/ha compared to 100 trees/ha in conventional system of planting (10m x 10m) the increased population is around 122%.

Double hedge row planting

Spacing: 10 x 5 x 5 m

Benefits

More plants can be accommodated (122% increase in population over the square system of planting) per unit area
More yield can be obtained (9.45 t/ha) compared to square system (5.05 t/ha)

Economics

The increased yield in double hedge row system is (88%) over conventional system.
The yield in double hedge row system is 9.45 t/ha with a cost benefit ratio of 5.82 compared to conventional system (5.05 t/ha with a cost benefit of 5.05).

Pre Release Variety

Davana Acc. AP.7

It is a selection from the local type.
Medium height, vigorous and profuse branching.
Leaves are attractive, whiteish green in colour with high fragrance.
It attains first harvest from 40 days after transplanting.
The fresh herbage yield per plant (39.86 g).
High potential in total herbage yield per hectare (17.69 tonnes).
It yields 12.50 kg/ha essential oil.
Medium duration of 145-150 days.
Suitable for tropical plains of Tamil Nadu.
Highly suitable for essential oil industries.

Salient features of Vegetable Cowpea advanced culture

It is a pure line selection from the germplasm collection
Plants are bushy, if un pinched semi trailing.
Pods are in cluster (3 - 4/ cluster), tender; resembling french beans after cooking
First harvest 38 days after sowing
High yielder 29.73t/ha, which is 28 % higher than the check
Individual pod length 46.62 cm, pod weight 23.87 g/ pod
Pods are yellowish white at harvestable maturity.
Pods are rich in crude protein ( 21.88 mg/100g) and less in fibre
Medium maturing crop
Duration - 90- 100 days